傣族的简介?
一、傣族的简介?
傣族简介
傣族有人口162万多人,其中云南有101。4万,主要聚居在西双版纳州和德宏州。临兴的耿马、孟定,思茅的孟连,玉溪的新平等30多个县也都有分布。傣族先民为古代百越中的一支,汉代称“滇越”、“掸”。魏晋以后,有“金齿”、“白衣”、“摆夷”等多种他称,但自称是“傣”,意为酷爱自由与和平的人。
傣族有水傣、旱傣和花腰傣之分。
傣族历史悠久,文化丰富多彩,有自己的历法、语言文字,并以丰富的民族民间文学艺术著称于世。音乐、舞蹈、民歌、民间传说故事等富有民族特色,影响甚广。傣族主要聚居在热带、亚热带的平坝地区,村寨多临江河湖泊,住宅通常每户一座竹楼,竹篱环绕,果树、翠竹掩映,环境十分优美。
四周田地肥沃,特产丰富。傣族人民性格温和,喜爱歌舞。
有人说,傣族妇女的穿着打扮,是全世界最美丽的,它就像孔雀开屏一样,五彩缤纷,美不胜收,令人叹为观止。只要了解情况的人,都觉得这话一点也不算夸张。傣族妇女一般都长得身材苗条,面目清纯娇美,看上去婷婷玉立,仪态万方,因此素有“金孔雀”的美称。
他们不仅长得美,而且还善于打扮,用独具特色的服饰把自己装扮得一个个如花似玉。傣族妇女一般喜欢穿着窄袖短衣和统裙,把他们那修长苗条的身材充分展示出来。上面穿一件百色或绯色内衣,外面是紧身短上衣,圆颈窄袖,有大襟,也有对襟,有水红、淡黄、浅绿、雪白、天蓝等多种色彩。
现在多是用乔其纱,丝绸、的确凉等料子缝制。窄袖短衫紧紧地套着胳膊,几科没有一点空隙。有不少人还喜欢用肉色就料缝制,若不仔细看,还看不出袖管,前后衣襟刚好齐腰,紧紧裹住身子,再用一根银腰带系着短袖衫和统裙口,下着长至脚背的统裙,腰身纤巧细小,下摆宽大。
傣族妇女的这种装束,充分展示了了女性的胸、腰、臀“三围”之美,加上所采用的布料轻柔,鲜艳明快,无论走路或做事,都给人一种婀娜多姿,潇洒飘逸的感觉。
傣族男子一般都穿无领对襟或大襟小袖衫,下穿长管裤,用白布、青布或绯布包头,有的戴呢礼刷帽,显得潇洒大方。
傣族无论男女,出门总喜欢在肩上挎上一个用织锦做成的挎包(筒帕)。挎包色调鲜艳,风格淳朴,具有浓厚的生活色彩和民族特色。图案有珍禽异兽,树木花卉或几何图形,形象逼真,栩栩如生。每一种图案都含有具体的内容,如:红、绿色是为了纪念祖先;孔雀图案表示吉祥如意;大象图案象征着五谷丰登,生活美好,充分表现了傣族人民对美好生活的向往和追求。
傣族的节日主要有开门节、关门节、送龙节等,其中最隆重的是泼水节。泼水节是傣族人民送旧迎新的传统节日,人们认为互洒清水可以消灾弥难,互相祝福。男女青年则除了互相祝福外,还互相泼水为戏。节日里还举行堆沙、丢包、放高升,赛龙舟等活动。届时五洲四海的宾客云集西版纳和德宏,热闹异常。
傣族习俗
傣族在思茅全区均有分布,以景谷、孟连、澜沧、江城、普洱、墨江、思茅居多。景谷、孟连的为傣那支系,澜沧芒景、芒那的为傣绷支系,江城土卡河的为傣社毫支系。景谷傣族多住平房,土木结构,以茅草或瓦覆盖,进门为中厅,设煮饭、烹茶、取暖用的火塘,支有铁三脚架,厅中铺床,供待客用,中厅左右两厢小房为主人寝室。
房屋结构有落地式和干栏式两种,干栏式的掌楼,楼上住人,楼下关牲畜,堆放柴禾和生产工具。干栏式房屋冬暖夏凉,以竹木为建筑材料,以杂木为主,多用红毛树、锥栗树、黑荆树当柱,以竹片或木片做椽.房顶盖草排或板瓦不等,房屋分上下两层,上层用木板或竹笆围墙,楼后搭有晒台,孟连、澜沧、江城整董等地傣族居住干栏式屋。
江城土卡河傣社毫支系人居住落地式鸡罩笼房。
景谷傣族的服饰,男子头缠白头巾,节日期间爱戴毡帽、身穿白布对襟衣,宽裆子。妇女穿统裙、上衣为宽袖敞领,领口上衬白布。多数人喜欢白、蓝、黑三色,老年多穿深色,少女喜穿浅色。老幼均喜戴银耳环、玉手镯男子有纹身习俗,从四肢到胸部、背部都可纹,纹身图案较多,有动物形态、花卉图案,更多的则是刺些祈愿祝福之类的傣文,或是佛经中一些有影响的名言。
傣绷人服饰,妇女喜爱紧身短上衣,深色长统裙,系银扣腰带,耳坠小巧的银耳环,喜欢白包头,多数用自纺自织的横幅红花条纹包头。新中国建立初期,也有以此花纹布为裙的,故被他族称为“花腰傣”。傣绷男子服饰趋于汉化。老年人穿大摆裆土布裤子,对襟土布上衣,戴毡帽或包白布包头。
妇女留长发,不编辫子,只是挽结在后脑上插上银发针,然后用花包头盖上,傣绷人普遍喜欢黑色服装。傣社毫男子不纹身,不镶牙,已流行时装,妇女上身穿紧身白布衣服,两襟对开,钉有12对银质双纽扣,下身穿青色统裙,坠耳环、头包头巾。
傣族青年谈情说爱称为“另卜少”、意为串姑娘。
有邀伴进行的,有单独进行的,相爱后要互相送信物如花边带子、耳环、首饰等。结婚无须双方父母同意,但须按婚俗完成各项聘礼,方许成婚,婚龄一般在20岁以后。结婚聘礼较多,景谷江东傣族婚前下聘,男家须给女方家长酒2壶、肉5斤、面条4把、红糖20余斤,柴1500斤,吃奶钱100元。
此外要送给媒人猪头一个、枕头一个,鞋子一双,还要送给头人若干斤米和肉。婚后回门要给女家2元4角钱,一丈布。傣绷人的婚姻较自由,只要双方相爱,即可告诉父母请媒提亲,用钱做聘礼,数量多少根据各自财力而定。由于受婚配条件限制、傣绷人普遍为近亲结婚,没有同姓不婚的限定,婚礼较简单,穷困的备办些芭蕉、甘蔗等果品和烟酒,请亲友来祝贺举行仪式即可,富裕家杀猪请客吃饭,不搭棚不抬轿,也不吹拉弹唱,举行婚礼时由长者拴魂线,教以做人的道理,祝福贺喜,夫从妻居较为普通,从居多少年,由双方商量决定。
景谷傣族行火葬和土葬,正常死亡行土葬。非正常死亡要火化。死人后要请佛爷念经超度亡灵,主人家备办佳肴殿给佛爷和尚,要杀猪牛井招待亲友和帮忙的人。超度亡灵后把尸体抬到林里埋葬,头朝东,脚朝西,用白布裹尸后用木板或竹笆出殡,葬后不垒坟,不立碑,后人也不扫墓。
年节日到佛寺赕佛、滴水,由佛爷念《滴水经》,把后人献给的祭物献给亡灵。有名望和僧侣等级高的佛爷和尚死后要竖碑,形如佛塔,从“撒迪”级起,地位越高碑塔级越多,碑上刻花卉图案,无文字。傣绷人死后,要请佛爷和尚念经超度,家人为死者做功德,然后用木板做棺材埋葬。
正常死亡行土葬,非正常死亡行火葬。傣社毫人死后行土葬;殡殓用棺,垒坟为志,但无碑文,仅用石块围圆。成年人死后,要杀一头水牛、一头黄牛作祭品,出殡要请哈尼族“嫫庇”推算选择。
二、傣族美食来源?
傣族主食以大米为主。德宏地区吃粳米,西双版纳等地爱吃糯米,通常是现舂现吃。傣族著名的香竹饭又称竹筒饭,即把糯米放在香竹筒里,用水浸泡15分钟后,用火烘烤而成的。
2、吃时,捶打竹筒使之变软,竹筒内壁的竹膜便贴在饭上,用刀一剖两半,香竹饭便脱竹而出,香气浓郁,饭软而细腻。还有独具特色的菠萝紫米饭,其味清甜可口,并有补血润肺之功效。
3、外出劳动者常在野外就餐,用芭蕉叶盛一团糯米饭,随带盐巴、辣子、酸肉、烧鸡、喃咪、青苔松即可进食。肉类有猪、牛、鸡、鸭,不食或少食羊肉,善作烤鸡、烧鸡,喜欢吃鱼、虾、蟹、螺蛳、青苔等水产品。常吃的蔬菜有白菜、萝卜、笋和豆类。
4、傣族也食昆虫。傣族地区潮湿炎热,昆虫种类繁多。经常食用的昆虫有蝉、竹虫、大蜘蛛、田鳖、蚂蚁蛋等。捕蝉是在夏季傍晚,蝉群落在草丛中时,蝉翼被露水浸湿,不能飞起,妇女们就赶快把蝉拣入竹箩里,回家后入锅焙干制酱。
5、以青苔入菜,是傣族特有的风味菜肴。傣族食用的青苔是选春季江水里岩石上的苔藓,以深绿色为佳,捞取后撕成薄片晒干,用竹篾穿起来待用。做菜时,厚的用油煎,薄的用火烤,酥脆后揉碎入碗,再将滚油倒上,然后加盐搅拌,用糯米团或腊肉蘸食,味美无比。
扩展资料:
1、傣族民间乐器有嘎腊萨、玎、筚、多洛、象脚鼓、铓、排铓和傣镲等。
2、傣族的特色乐器葫芦丝是舌簧乐器,用循环换气法能持续发出五度音程,音色优美、柔和、圆润、婉转。在月夜的竹林或傣家竹楼里,能给人以含蓄、朦胧的美感,而吹出的颤音尤如抖动丝绸那样飘逸轻柔。著名的作曲家施光南创作出《月光下的凤尾竹》乐曲,使葫芦丝音乐风靡大江南北。
3、象脚鼓因鼓身形似象脚而得名,常与铓锣、傣镲组合在一起,广泛用于歌舞和傣戏伴奏。嘎腊萨是竹制、吊桥形的敲击体鸣乐器。
4、玎是弹拨弦鸣乐器,傣族青年恋爱时经常弹奏,有“爱情乐器”之誉 。
三、傣族的传统美食?
傣族的特色食物
傣族的特色食物有:菠萝紫米饭、香茅草烤鱼、包烧、傣族手抓饭、舂鸡脚、香竹糯米饭、油炸青苔、喃咪牛皮、叶包蒸猪肉、竹筒饭、酸笋煮鸡、香茅草烤鸡、油炸牛皮、菠萝爆肉片、五香烤傣鲤等。以上就是傣族的传统美食,希望对大家有所帮助哦。
四、傣族小乘佛教寺院简介?
云南省德宏州的菩提寺,西双版纳的橄榄坝傣寨的曼乍佛寺、勐罕曼听佛寺,昆明圆通寺,孟连县中城佛寺,上城佛寺,耿马傣族佤族自治县的孟定洞景佛寺,这些寺院是云南少数民族地区比较著名的也是我国比较著名的小乘佛教寺院。
五、傣族舞花儿剧目简介?
桃李杯剧目傣族舞蹈《花儿》舞者:赵珂琪相信非常多的中国舞爱好者,一定对这支舞蹈不陌生。傣族舞蹈《花儿》是第九届桃李杯剧目作品,金晨老师也曾表演过,舞蹈姿态十分优美,本身傣族舞“三道弯”就引人入胜,还有平转等花样技巧,整支舞蹈十分饱满。
六、傣族的美食以及相关故事?
傣族美食是孔雀宴,故事是男主内女主外,另嫁女娶。
七、法国美食英文简介?
France has a long culinary tradition. French cuisine nowadays is a result of centuries of research, elaboration and perfection. The French are proud of their cuisine. It is an integral part of their culture. Thanks to the interest in the French for good food, the chefs have always been encouraged to elaborate new dishes to satisfy the most discriminating palate.The origins of the success of French cuisine can be attributed to Catherine de Medicis. When she became Queen of France in 1533, she brought her own Florentine chefs from Italy. At this time, Italian chefs were more experienced than French chefs. They introduced new dishes and sophisticated techniques that they adapted to French products. This gave French cooking a real boost, and the country's culinary influence has never stopped.French cuisine is sophisticated, varied, well balanced and based on local and high-quality products. France has established some regulations to protect product names from fraud, and guarantee the origin and product quality to the customer. To carry the prestigious label "Appélation d'Origine Contrôlée" (A.O.C), products must comply with strict rules related to geography, varieties, method of fabrication and other criteria.Unlike other countries, France does not have one national dish. Because each region has its own local products and specialties, it is more appropriate to name regional dishes than a single one. Here is a tour de France of the regional specialties:AlsaceAlsace cuisine is strong and unique. It plays a major part on holidays and at family gatherings. Alsatian cuisine is rich and copious. Most Alsatian dishes are not found in other parts of France. The most famous specialty is Chouchroute, sauerkraut garnished with potatoes and a variety of meats such as sausage, pork or ham. The Baeckaoffe is a one-of-a-kind Alsatian fare baked with white wine usually in a traditional pottery dish only made in the village of Soufflenheim. It's a stew comprised of pork, beef and lamb garnished with potatoes. There are many Alsatian cakes and desserts, but the best is the Kougelhopf, brioche pastry with butter, eggs, raisins, whole almonds marinated in kirsch. At Christmas, bredles and gingerbreads decorate the tables of all Alsatian families. Bredles are cookies of different shapes flavoured with anise, cinnamon or almond.BrittanyBrittany has excellent fresh seafood: Coquilles-St-Jacques (sea scallops), lobsters, langoustes, crabs, clams, shrimps, mussels, and oysters will all be found on the market stalls of Brittany. This region is also famous for traditional crêperies serving wheat crêpes and buckwheat galettes accompanied with cider. La Chandeleur, celebrated February 2nd, is the crêpes day in France. Eating crêpes the day of la Chandeleur will bring a year of happiness!BurgundyA trip to France would not be complete without sampling escargots and frog's legs. Burgundy snails are with the petis-gris snails, the two varieties eaten in France. Escargots à la Bourgignonne are stuffed with garlic butter. Frog's legs are sautéed in butter with fine herbs. The Boeuf Bouguignon is another typical Burgundy specialty. It's a beef stew marinated with Burgundy red wine. The best-known regional product is Mustard de Dijon, secretly produced in the town of Dijon. This strong mustard is used in vinaigrette, sauces and nicely compliments red meat.NormandyNormandy is renowned for the quality of its dairy products and apples. The region is home to the world-known Camembert cheese. Originally made more than 200 years ago in the lovely village of Camembert, genuine Camembert cheese is exclusively produced in Normandy. Apples also play an important part in the Norman cuisine. They are not only used in desserts, but in alcohol and liquors. The region is famous for cider and a strong apple brandy called Calvados. A mixture of Cider and Calvados, the Pommeau de Normandie is another regional beverage. In Normandy, it is tradition to drink a glass of Calvados in the middle of a meal to help digestion. This 200 century-old ritual is called Trou Normand. Nowadays, a Trou Normand is still served in the middle of a meal, but as an apple sorbet soaked with Calvados.ProvenceThe warm and sunny weather of Provence produces high-quality fruits and vegetables whose delicious scents can be spotted in the open markets of Southern France. The basic ingredients of Provençal cuisine are olive oil, garlic and herbes de Provence. Among the typical provençal dishes, Ratatouille is a vegetable stew made out of tomatoes, peppers, zucchinis, onions and olive oil and Salade Niçoise, comprised of lettuce, tomatoes, green beans, tuna, eggs, black olives and anchovies. As Provence is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, Provençal cuisine also revolves around fresh seafood. Marseille's specialty, la Bouillabaisse (seafood bouillon) and Anchoïade (sauce made of anchovies, olive oil, garlic) are two of the main Provençal specialties.Southwest FranceCuisine of Southwest France is made of produits du terroir. Truffles thrive in the Périgord region. Most popular are the Black Perigord Truffles, rare underground mushrooms known for a unique taste and aroma. Truffles are used in sauces, omelettes and numerous other recipes. The other local specialty of the Southwest is goose. Goose's liver is used to make foie gras, which is a traditional Christmas and New Year dish in France. The cities of Toulouse, Castelnaudary, Carcassonne are renown for their Cassoulet, stew made of sausage and white beans. The region is also home to one of the oldest cheeses, Roquefort. It has been produced in the village of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon for centuries.LyonLyon touts itself as the gastronomic capital of France. The city is home to several world renowned Grands Chefs including Paul Bocuse, Pierre Orsi, Léon de Lyon. Famous professional cooking schools like the Institut Vatel and Paul Bocuse School of Culinary Arts are based in Lyon. Streets are lined with a multitude of small family-run bistros called Bouchons Lyonnais, and these serve traditional Lyonaise food. Local specialities include Andouillette de Lyon (sausage made out of pork chitterlings and marinated with white wine), Quenelles (light dumpling made of fish), and Rosette de Lyon (dry sausage made from leg of pork). Lyon is also known for regional cheeses, such as Saint Marcellin, and locally made chocolates and candies, called Coussins de Lyon (marzipan sweets shaped and decorated like cushions).SavoySavoy features a traditional mountain cooking based on cheese and potatoes. Savoy's cheese-board includes, among others, Tomme de Savoie, Beaufort, Reblochon and Emmental de Savoie. One of the authentic Savoyard dishes is Tartiflette, a gratin of potatoes with reblonchon cheese, onions and bacon bits. Two Savoyard dishes have popularity extended far beyond the Alps: Fondue, half emmental, half beaufort cheese melt with Savoy white wine in a special saucepan and Raclette, raclette cheese melt in a special grill and served with potatoes, delicatessen products and pickles.CorsicaCorsica produces excellent cheese, meats and deli products known for their singular flavour. It is an unspoiled island where pigs, goats and ewes are raised freely. Dishes are prepared with spices exclusively found in the Corsican scrub. Cheese is still made by shepherds using ancestral ways. These factors, combined with a mild climate, produce unique and high-quality products. Many Corsican recipes are prepared with Bruccio, a fresh goat cheese that is only created here. It is used in omelettes, and with pastas, meats, fish or vegetables. Chestnuts are omnipresent in Corsican food. They are used in cakes, pies, donuts and custard tarts.As with all cooking, French cooking is considered an art. And as with any art form, it has roots in the past, but remains in a constant state of evolution. French chefs are always striving to maintain high-quality standards, while also demonstrating creativity.
八、美食总动员的简介?
打破人们的惯性思维,把老鼠小米作为影片的核心人物,期盼结束捡垃圾为食的生活,可以成为巴黎顶级餐厅的主厨,亲手作出最可口的菜肴。
影片表达了一个放任四海皆准的道理:重视友谊,保持忠诚。
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九、云南傣族有哪些特色美食?
生活在云南各地的傣族,吃鱼方法独具特色。烤,烧、腌制等都能成就特殊的味道。一条新鲜的鱼用细棍从鱼口里插进去至尾部,在鱼身上抹盐,用竹棍把鱼夹住放到火上烘烤。鱼的表面烤黄后,一阵阵香气扑鼻而来,把鱼取下,从鱼口中抽出棍子,去掉内脏即可食用。
蒸鱼,从鱼的头部至背部,把鱼剖开,开成片状,取出内脏后把鱼洗净,用盐、辣椒面、蒜泥、芫荽等佐料厚厚地抹一层在鱼峰上,然后放到蒸锅里去蒸。蒸鱼味鲜可口。鳝鱼是把一条活的鳝鱼放到火炭上去烧,然后拿出来除去内脏和骨头,放在臼里加上盐、蒜、辣椒等一起舂成泥,即可食用。因为当地气候炎热,还喜欢把鱼腌酸留着慢慢吃。本文介绍傣族的10种鱼肴,
01.酸罐鱼
居住在红河沿岸的傣族人民,每逢年节或亲朋来临,“酸罐鱼”便是款待客人的好菜。每年一、二月间,傣族人民到山上割些茅草扎成扇形的草排,在红河岸边钉上木桩,把草排拴在木桩上,随它铺漂在浅岸地带,让红河中的鲤鱼来产卵。
然后把已产着卵的茅草取回,放到养鱼塘中泡上十来天,鱼苗就孵出来了。栽秧后,把鱼苗分放到各丘田中,到了秋收季节,割了谷子,把田水撤干,鲜便浮在田上,人们把鱼拿回家,剖腹取出肚杂,撒上盐巴腌揉,再把捂好的“糯米酒”放在鱼肚内,像腌制酸菜一样腌起来,故名“酸罐鱼”。
02.鱼酱
鱼酱是西双版纳的特产。江鳅和小鱼,剁细加盐巴,辣子,装罐腌制而成。食用的时候,取鱼酱加油炒熟。它具有色红、味鲜、香辣等特点,是傣族人民吃糯米饭时下饭的佳肴之一。
鱼酱
03.烤鱼
西双版纳的傣族,不仅善于捕鱼,爱吃鱼,而且鱼的烹调方法也多种多样。除了常见的腌酸鱼、酸辣鱼等外,最独特的吃法要称烤鱼了。
烤鱼是把活鱼洗净,刮去鳞壳,用刀从背部剖开,取出肚杂,把盐、辣子、苤菜根等佐料塞进鱼腹,再用两根竹片把整理的鱼夹起来,放在火上烘烤,直到鱼烤黄出油为止。烤鱼香脆可口。每逢节日,贺新房、招待亲戚朋友,这里的傣族群众都要做烤鱼上席。
烤鱼
04.腌鱼
居住在西双版纳的傣族人民最喜爱吃鱼,他们制作的腌鱼,入口辣、酸、甜、咸,风味独特。日本、美国、加拿大等国的朋友们在西双版纳做客,尝到傣家腌鱼,都赞不绝口,声称是难得的佳肴。
傣家腌鱼的加工制作方法堪称一绝。每年夏、秋两季,他们把捕捉到的鱼收拾干净,洒上一定数量的盐,装入桶内。腌上七八天,再分层放进坛子或木桶里,每层鱼放上一些辣椒面和煮熟的糯米饭以及少量的花椒、白酒,然后盖严密封,一两个月后便可以食用。
傣家同胞介绍,这种鱼营养丰实,能助消化,可煎食、烧食,各得其味。腌鱼食用和携带都很方便,可算是傣家的“方便食品”。农民赶街,下田或上山干活,用精致的竹篾饭盒装上糯米饭和腌鱼,便可以在野外就餐了。
腌鱼
05.干黄鳝
傣族的支系很多,语言差异,服饰不同,生活习惯也不尽相同。这里说的傣族,是指居住在红河沿岸一带的“花腰摆”又称“水摆”。花腰摆中有句顺口溜:“一碗糯米饭,两条干黄鳝,一个腌鸡蛋。”说明这是他们最喜爱的味美佳肴。
傣家人家家户户每天都少不了用干黄鳝做菜。用油炒香后,一条条有二至三十寸长,其形状、大小、粗细,略像油炸干辣子。进嘴咀嚼,既香又脆,又酥又鲜,真是别有一番滋味。傣家男人喜欢饮酒,干黄鳝正是最好的下酒菜。使一家人常年四季能饱这个口福的,功劳全是在妇女。
傣家人居住的地区,都是栽双季稻的热坝区。每年,春初和夏末,是栽秧季节。犁田、耙田的时候,田水被搅浑,在田坝脚附近掘洞居住的黄鳝,随着垡片被犁翻上来,在浑水里乱游乱窜。犁耙田的男人们,是不轻易动手捉拿的。下午收工后和早上上工前,妇女们腰上都系个竹笆箩。即使初春早晨,天寒地冻,田水冰扎,妇女们仍然系好筒裙,赤脚下田,顺着冰扎,妇女们仍然系好筒裙,赤脚下田,顺着田坎脚,寻找黄鳝洞。用拇指顺洞一抠,洞不会太深,一条条黄鳝就被紧紧抓住丢进笆箩。
夜间,她们在田里用稀泥巴垒成一道道埂子,用一排篾编的黄鳝笼罩在埂脚,黄鳝笼络比拳头大,口子像个洞,愚蠢的黄鳝以为捞着了便宜,不需要自己花力气打洞就找到个栖息之所,喜喜欢欢钻进“洞”,殊不知钻进去就出不来。第二天黎明就被傣家妇女把它们请出笼子。移进笆箩,拿回家,在清水里洗净,丢进火塘的热灰里闷死,用竹棍穿好,晒干,就成为备用食物了。
干黄鳝
06.火烧鱼
云南稻田养鱼,世代相传。每当稻谷成熟时,鱼已长肥,稻田开沟放水,在水口处置一竹笼,鱼顺水人笼,提回家烹制,配吃新米饭,乐趣无穷。地处滇西的傣族,因地制宜,稻田盛产挑手鱼。
挑手鱼,又名胡子鱼,产于德宏州,喜在水田中生长,胸鳍两边各有一对硬刺,极其锋利,可将捕捉者的手挑破,故名。此鱼肉厚质细,营养丰富,用此鱼烹制的火烧鱼,软嫩鲜甜,香味扑鼻,能增进食欲。
火烧鱼的主要用料为挑手鱼、葱姜蒜末、青椒末、青姜叶末、香菜末、荆芥末、花椒叶末、薄荷、茴香叶末、香茅草、草果粉、胡椒粉、味精、食盐、酱油、绍酒适量。制作时,将鱼去鳃、去内脏,洗净,分成两份,一份取下鱼肉,捶成茸与上述调料拌成馅,将馅镶入另一份鱼的鱼腹内;鱼皮朝外,头尾折拢,用香茅草捆成十字形,再用芭蕉叶包好,埋入炭火中焐熟,取出,去芭蕉叶和香茅草,装盘即可。
火烧鱼
07.麻辣干黄鳝
“糯米饭,于黄鳝,二两小酒天天干。”这是流传于新平彝族傣族自治县红河沿岸傣乡的食谚。那里的花腰傣族妇女,把从田里和池塘捉来的指头粗的黄鳝洗净泥污放于盐水中浸泡,除去肚内脏物和外表粉液,再一条条放入灶窝灰中焖烤至卷曲,然后洗去灶灰剔去肚杂,加适量盐、花椒面、辣椒面揉拌后,穿成串熏干备用,经油炸后食用。
麻辣干黄鳝原料的主要用料为鲜黄鳝、精盐、辣椒面、花椒面、熟菜籽油适量。制作时将黄鳝洗净泥污,放入清水盆中,加入盐,让其游动,吐出肚内脏物。取出黄鳝逐条塞入灶内子母火中,焐至卷曲,取出洗去灶灰,除去肚杂,人盆,拌入盐、辣子面、花椒面,揉至调料沾满鳝身。取出穿在竹竿上,置于火塘上方慢慢熏干收存。食前用温水洗净,人油锅中炸出香味即可。
.麻辣干黄鳝
08.酸鱼鲊
酸鱼鲊,是西双版纳、元阳县红河南岸傣族人民最喜爱的传统美味。鲜鱼经腌制成熟后,不论是蒸还是煮、煎而食,均色泽金黄,酸香扑鼻,入口酥化,胃口顿开。
农历正月、二月间,是红河水中鲤鱼产卵季节,傣族人民用茅草扎成一把把似扇形的草排,将其拴在岸边木桩上,让草排浮在河中,鲤鱼便到草排上产卵,然后将草排放到养鱼塘中泡上10多天,孵出鱼苗,早稻秧栽下后,将鱼苗移入田中。到了六七月,稻熟撤去田水,活蹦乱跳、巴掌大的鲤鱼任人捉,回家后即可腌制。
酸鱼鲊所用原料为鲤鱼、精盐、辣椒面、花椒面、草果面、糯米甜白酒、植物油适量。制作时将鲜活鲤鱼剖腹除去肚杂,入盆,撒入盐腌渍,注意上下翻动,下辣椒面、花椒面、草果面拌匀。以只为单位,逐条鲤鱼肚内舀入一勺甜白酒,合拢放入陶罐中;鱼放完后,倒入腌拌的原汁,盖上罐口碗,入好罐口水。约腌5~6个月后即成酸鱼鲊。食用时,酌量取出酸鱼。锅上火,注入植物油,热时,下酸鱼煎至两面黄即可装盘上桌。
酸鱼鲊
09.荷叶蒸辣子鱼
荷叶可药,荷叶清暑利湿,升发清阳,止血。荷叶人才,取其清香,可消暑助食。广东有荷叶饭,云南傣族有荷叶蒸辣子鱼。成菜荷叶清香之味沁入鱼肉,鱼肉酥烂,鲜中有辣。
荷叶蒸辣子鱼所用原料为挑手鱼、香菜、蒜、姜叶、葱、白酒、荆芥、薄荷、茴香、香茅草、青辣椒、花椒叶、姜、精盐、味精、胡椒粉、熟猪油适量。制作时将鱼去鳃、鳍、鳞和内脏,洗净,切成段,人盆。香菜、蒜、姜叶、姜、葱、荆芥、薄荷、茴香、香茅草、辣椒、花椒叶洗净,剁细,放入鱼盆内,下白酒、盐、味精、胡椒粉、猪油,拌匀,腌渍半小时。取鲜荷叶2张洗净,平铺墩上,放上鱼及调料,包好上笼蒸熟,取出上桌。
荷叶蒸辣子鱼
10.香茅草烤鱼
香茅草烤鱼有两个特点:一取青竹当容器,夹住鱼,经明火烤炙而成,故有竹之清香;二取西双版纳热带雨林盛产的香茅草和大芫荽等调料调味,故具鲜香滋嫩、微辣回甜之美味。香茅草烤鱼所用原料为开膛鲜鲤鱼1尾、香茅草、鸡蛋清、精盐、味精、胡椒面、大芫荽、青辣椒、小芫荽 、葱花、姜末、米酒、蒜末、芝麻油适量。
制作时将鱼洗净,剁为块,剞十字花刀,入盘,加入盐、味精、胡椒面、米酒、蛋清,拌匀腌渍 15 分钟左右。将大小芫荽、葱花、姜末、蒜末、青辣椒末、芝麻油、米酒、盐、味精、胡椒面一齐入石臼内舂成茸泥,入碗,取碗中茸泥均匀地抹在鱼皮上,用香茅草捆牢。取青竹筒一节,均匀地剖开,将鱼块逐块依次夹入,用铁丝捆牢。手持未开口的竹筒,放在明火上边烤边转动,约20分钟后香茅草呈焦黄时即熟。除去铁丝,鱼块入盘即成。
香茅草烤鱼
11.酸笋鱼汤
酸笋鱼汤,是德宏州以傣族为代表的各少数民族喜吃的传统佳肴。成品,酸辣适口,鲜香味美,夏秋进食,胃口顿开,配吃新米饭,美不可言。酸笋鱼汤所用原料为挑手鱼、酸笋、精盐、味精、胡椒面、蒜片、青辣椒末、葱花、姜片、熟猪油、杂骨汤适量。
制作时去掉挑手鱼的刺、鳃、内脏,清洗干净。炒锅上火,注入油,热时下蒜、姜炝锅,注入杂骨汤;沸时,下鱼、酸笋、辣椒,待鱼煮至透心,下盐、味精、胡椒面、葱花,装入汤碗上桌。
酸笋鱼汤
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十、傣族简介,要短一点的?
傣族是云南省特有的民族,人口106万余人。
主要聚居在西双版纳傣族自治州、德宏傣族景颇族自治州和耿马、孟连、新平、元江等县,小部分居住在景谷、景东、金平、双江等县。傣族族系发源至今已有1300多年历史,傣族先民为古代百越中的一支,汉代称“滇越”、“掸”。魏晋以后,有“金齿”、“白衣”、“摆夷”等多种他称,但自称是“傣”,意为酷爱自由与和平的人。傣族有水傣、旱傣和花腰傣之分。